Best evidence statement (BESt). Adding home based services to complement center based intervention for children with autism.
General
Guideline Title
Best evidence statement (BESt). Adding home based services to complement center based intervention for children with autism.
Bibliographic Source(s)
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center. Best evidence statement (BESt). Adding home based services to complement center based intervention for children with autism. Cincinnati (OH): Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; 2013 Feb 6. 6 p. [14 references]
Guideline Status
This is the current release of the guideline.
Recommendations
Major Recommendations
The strength of the recommendation (strongly recommended, recommended, or no recommendation) and the quality of the evidence (1a‒5b) are defined at the end of the “Major Recommendations” field.
- It is strongly recommended that home based developmental intervention in addition to center-based developmental intervention be provided to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or pervasive developmental disorder- not otherwise specified to improve: 1. Child intelligence quotient (IQ) in families with high stress (Rickards et al., 2007 [2a]) 2. Communication (Oosterling et al., 2010 [2a]) 3. Gestures produced (Drew et al., 2002 [2a]) 4. Play skills (Ingersoll & Gergans, 2007 [5a])
- It is recommended that home based developmental intervention in addition to center-based developmental intervention is provided to children with autism spectrum disorder or pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified in order to: 1. Reduce parental stress (Drew et al., 2002 [2a]) 2. Reduce parental depression (Küçüker, 2006 [4a]) 3. Increase parental satisfaction with child outcomes (Ingersoll & Gergans, 2007 [5a])
Definitions:
Table of Evidence Levels
| Quality Level | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1a† or 1b† | Systematic review, meta-analysis, or meta-synthesis of multiple studies |
| 2a or 2b | Best study design for domain |
| 3a or 3b | Fair study design for domain |
| 4a or 4b | Weak study design for domain |
| 5a or 5b | General review, expert opinion, case report, consensus report, or guideline |
| 5 | Local Consensus |
†a = good quality study; b = lesser quality study
Table of Recommendation Strength
| Strength | Definition |
|---|---|
|
It is strongly recommended that…
It is strongly recommended that…not… |
When the dimensions for judging the strength of the evidence are applied, there is high support that benefits clearly outweigh risks and burdens. (or visa-versa for negative recommendations) |
|
It is recommended that…
It is recommended that… not… |
When the dimensions for judging the strength of the evidence are applied, there is moderate support that benefits are closely balanced with risks and burdens. |
| There is insufficient evidence and a lack of consensus to make a recommendation… | |
Note : See the original guideline document for the dimensions used for judging the strength of the recommendation.
Clinical Algorithm(s)
None provided
Scope
Disease/Condition(s)
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
- Pervasive developmental disorder – not otherwise specified
Guideline Category
- Management
- Treatment
Clinical Specialty
- Family Practice
- Internal Medicine
- Pediatrics
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Psychology
- Speech-Language Pathology
Intended Users
- Advanced Practice Nurses
- Nurses
- Occupational Therapists
- Physical Therapists
- Physician Assistants
- Physicians
- Psychologists/Non-physician Behavioral Health Clinicians
- Speech-Language Pathologists
Guideline Objective(s)
To evaluate, among children under the age of 6 years old with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or pervasive developmental disorder – not otherwise specified and their parents, if home based developmental intervention in addition to center based developmental intervention compared to center based developmental intervention only improves child and/or parent outcomes
Target Population
Children under the age of 6 years old with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or pervasive developmental disorder – not otherwise specified
Note : No exclusion criteria for children with dual diagnosis
Interventions and Practices Considered
Home based developmental intervention in addition to center based developmental intervention
Major Outcomes Considered
- Child outcomes including:
- Child intelligence quotient (IQ)
- Communication
- Gestures produced
- Play skills
- Parent outcomes including:
- Parental stress
- Parental depression
- Parental satisfaction with child outcomes
Methodology
Methods Used to Collect/Select the Evidence
- Searches of Electronic Databases
Description of Methods Used to Collect/Select the Evidence
Search Strategy
- Databases : Science Direct, Springer, Medline PICO, CINAHL, PubMed, PubMed Clinical Queries, Rehabilitation Reference Center
- Search Terms : Autism, autism spectrum disorder, children, natural environment, home based, community based, home health, in home, intervention, treatment, parents, stress, depression
- Limits, Filters, Search Dates : Human and English language; 1980 - February 16, 2012
- Date Search Done : February 16, 2012
Number of Source Documents
Not stated
Methods Used to Assess the Quality and Strength of the Evidence
- Weighting According to a Rating Scheme (Scheme Given)
Rating Scheme for the Strength of the Evidence
Table of Evidence Levels
| Quality Level | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1a† or 1b† | Systematic review, meta-analysis, or meta-synthesis of multiple studies |
| 2a or 2b | Best study design for domain |
| 3a or 3b | Fair study design for domain |
| 4a or 4b | Weak study design for domain |
| 5a or 5b | General review, expert opinion, case report, consensus report, or guideline |
| 5 | Local Consensus |
†a = good quality study; b = lesser quality study
Methods Used to Analyze the Evidence
- Systematic Review
Description of the Methods Used to Analyze the Evidence
Not stated
Methods Used to Formulate the Recommendations
- Expert Consensus
Description of Methods Used to Formulate the Recommendations
Not stated
Rating Scheme for the Strength of the Recommendations
Table of Recommendation Strength
| Strength | Definition |
|---|---|
| It is strongly recommended that… It is strongly recommended that…not… | When the dimensions for judging the strength of the evidence are applied, there is high support that benefits clearly outweigh risks and burdens. (or visa-versa for negative recommendations) |
| It is recommended that… It is recommended that… not… | When the dimensions for judging the strength of the evidence are applied, there is moderate support that benefits are closely balanced with risks and burdens. |
| There is insufficient evidence and a lack of consensus to make a recommendation… |
Note : See the original guideline document for the dimensions used for judging the strength of the recommendation.
Cost Analysis
A formal cost analysis was not performed and published cost analyses were not reviewed.
Method of Guideline Validation
- Peer Review
Description of Method of Guideline Validation
This Best Evidence Statement has been reviewed against quality criteria by two independent reviewers from the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) Evidence Collaboration.
Evidence Supporting the Recommendations
References Supporting the Recommendations
- Drew A, Baird G, Baron-Cohen S, Cox A, Slonims V, Wheelwright S, Swettenham J, Berry B, Charman T. A pilot randomised control trial of a parent training intervention for pre-school children with autism. Preliminary findings and methodological challenges. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002 Dec;11(6):266-72. PubMed
- Ingersoll B, Gergans S. The effect of a parent-implemented imitation intervention on spontaneous imitation skills in young children with autism. Res Dev Disabil. 2007 Mar-Apr;28(2):163-75. PubMed
- Kucuker S. The family-focused early intervention programme: evaluation of parental stress and depression. Res Develop Disabil. 2006;28(2):165-75.
- Oosterling I, Visser J, Swinkels S, Rommelse N, Donders R, Woudenberg T, Roos S, van der Gaag RJ, Buitelaar J. Randomized controlled trial of the focus parent training for toddlers with autism: 1-year outcome. J Autism Dev Disord. 2010 Dec;40(12):1447-58. PubMed
- Rickards AL, Walstab JE, Wright-Rossi RA, Simpson J, Reddihough DS. A randomized, controlled trial of a home-based intervention program for children with autism and developmental delay. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2007 Aug;28(4):308-16. PubMed
Type of Evidence Supporting the Recommendations
The type of supporting evidence is identified and graded for each recommendation (see the “Major Recommendations” field).
Benefits/Harms of Implementing the Guideline Recommendations
Potential Benefits
Improved child outcomes including:
- Child intelligence quotient (IQ)
- Communication
- Gestures produced
- Play skills
Improved parent outcomes including:
- Parental stress
- Parental depression
- Parental satisfaction with child outcomes
Potential Harms
Not stated
Qualifying Statements
Qualifying Statements
This Best Evidence Statement addresses only key points of care for the target population; it is not intended to be a comprehensive practice guideline. These recommendations result from review of literature and practices current at the time of their formulation. This Best Evidence Statement does not preclude using care modalities proven efficacious in studies published subsequent to the current revision of this document. This document is not intended to impose standards of care preventing selective variances from the recommendations to meet the specific and unique requirements of individual patients. Adherence to this Statement is voluntary. The clinician in light of the individual circumstances presented by the patient must make the ultimate judgment regarding the priority of any specific procedure.
Implementation of the Guideline
Description of Implementation Strategy
Applicability Issues
When considering home based developmental intervention, it is important to consider the cost and reimbursement for the service. Many payment sources fail to cover the cost of community-based care and will only reimburse for direct patient care not parent-only training or coordination of family services.
Other variables to consider are the staff that will be providing the service and if the same clinician would be able to provide both center based and home based developmental intervention. If more than one clinician is providing treatment, it is important to consider close collaboration between these professionals as to preserve the fidelity of the treatment.
Current literature supports that children from highly stressed families have achieved better outcomes with intelligence quotient (IQ) following home based developmental intervention. Therefore, it is important to establish a screening process to identify which families will benefit from this specialized service.
Implementation Tools
- Audit Criteria/Indicators
Institute of Medicine (IOM) National Healthcare Quality Report Categories
IOM Care Need
- Getting Better
- Living with Illness
IOM Domain
- Effectiveness
- Patient-centeredness
Identifying Information and Availability
Bibliographic Source(s)
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center. Best evidence statement (BESt). Adding home based services to complement center based intervention for children with autism. Cincinnati (OH): Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; 2013 Feb 6. 6 p. [14 references]
Adaptation
Not applicable: The guideline was not adapted from another source.
Date Released
2013 Feb 6
Guideline Developer(s)
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center - Hospital/Medical Center
Source(s) of Funding
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Guideline Committee
Not stated
Composition of Group That Authored the Guideline
Group/Team Leader : Amy Johnson, OTR/L Team Leader/The Kelly O’Leary Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders
Support/Consultant : Mary Ellen Meier, RN, MSN, CPN Center for Professional Excellence and Business Integration, Research and Evidence Based Practice, EBP Mentor
Ad hoc Advisors : Rebecca D. Reder, Senior Clinical Director, OTD, OTR/L, Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy; Mary Gilene, MBA, Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy; Allison Kissling MLS, Pratt Library
Financial Disclosures/Conflicts of Interest
Conflict of interest declaration forms are filed with the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Evidence-based Decision Making (CCHMC EBDM) group. No financial or intellectual conflicts of interest were found.
Guideline Status
This is the current release of the guideline.
Guideline Availability
Available from the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Web site.
Availability of Companion Documents
The following are available:
- Judging the strength of a recommendation. Cincinnati (OH): Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; 2008 Jan. 1 p. Available from the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center.
- Grading a body of evidence to answer a clinical question. Cincinnati (OH): Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; 1 p.
- Table of evidence levels. Cincinnati (OH): Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; 2008 Feb 29. 1 p. Available from the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center.
In addition, suggested process or outcome measures are available in the original guideline document.
Patient Resources
None available
NGC Status
This NGC summary was completed by ECRI Institute on May 21, 2013.
Copyright Statement
This NGC summary is based on the original full-text guideline, which is subject to the following copyright restrictions:
Copies of this Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) Best Evidence Statement (BESt) are available online and may be distributed by any organization for the global purpose of improving child health outcomes. Examples of approved uses of the BESt include the following:
- Copies may be provided to anyone involved in the organization’s process for developing and implementing evidence based care.
- Hyperlinks to the CCHMC website may be placed on the organization’s website.
- The BESt may be adopted or adapted for use within the organization, provided that CCHMC receives appropriate attribution on all written or electronic documents.
- Copies may be provided to patients and the clinicians who manage their care.
Notification of CCHMC at EBDMInfo@cchmc.org for any BESt adopted, adapted, implemented or hyperlinked by the organization is appreciated.
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